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The Real Right Law of the People’s Republic of China has been adopted at the 5th session of the Tenth National People’s Congress on March 16, 2007. It is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of October 1, 2007.

President of the People’s Republic of China

Hu Jintao

March 16, 2007

目　录

Contents

第一编总则

Part I General Rules

第一章基本原则

Chapter I Basic Principles

第二章物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭

Chapter II Creation, Alternation, Alienation and Termination of Real Right

第一节不动产登记

Section 1 Reality Registration

第二节动产交付

Section 2 Chattel Delivery

第三节其他规定

Section 3 Other Rules

第三章物权的保护

Chapter III Protection of Real Right

第二编所有权

Part II Ownership

第四章一般规定

Chapter IV General Rules

第五章国家所有权和集体所有权、私人所有权

Chapter V State Ownership, Collective Ownership and Private Ownership

第六章业主的建筑物区分所有权

Chapter VI Owners’ Partitioned Ownership of Building Areas

第七章相邻关系

Chapter VII Neighboring Relationship

第八章共有

Chapter VIII Common Ownership

第九章所有权取得的特别规定

Chapter IX Special Rules on Acquiring Ownership

第三编用益物权

Part III Usufructuary Rights

第十章一般规定

Chapter X General Rules

第十一章土地承包经营权

Chapter XI Right to the Contracted Management of Land

第十二章建设用地使用权

Chapter XII Right to Use Construction Land

第十三章宅基地使用权

Chapter XIII Right to Use House Sites

第十四章地役权

Chapter XIV Easement

第四编担保物权

Part IV Real Rights for Security

第十五章一般规定

Chapter XV General Rules

第十六章抵押权

Chapter XVI Mortgage Right

第一节一般抵押权

Section 1 General Mortgage Right

第二节最高额抵押权

Section 2 Mortgage Right at Maximum Amount

第十七章质权

Chapter XVII Pledge Right

第一节动产质权

Section 1 Chattel Pledge

第二节权利质权

Section 2 Right Pledge

第十八章留置权

Chapter XVIII Lien

第五编占有

Part V Possession

第十九章占有

Chapter XIX Possession

附则

Supplementary Rules

第一编总则

Part I General Rules

第一章基本原则

Chapter I Basic Principles

第一条为了维护国家基本经济制度，维护社会主义市场经济秩序，明确物的归属，发挥物的效用，保护权利人的物权，根据宪法，制定本法。

Article 1 In accordance with the Constitution Law, the present Law is enacted with a view to maintaining the basic economic system of the state, protecting the socialist market economic order, clearly defining the attribution of the res, bringing into play the utilities of the res and safeguarding the real right of the right holder.

第二条因物的归属和利用而产生的民事关系，适用本法。

Article 2 The civil relationships incurred from the attribution and utilization of the res shall be governed by the present Law.

本法所称物，包括不动产和动产。法律规定权利作为物权客体的，依照其规定。

The term “res” as mentioned in the present Law means realties and chattels. Where it is prescribed in any provision that certain right shall be taken as an object of real right, such provision shall be applicable.

本法所称物权，是指权利人依法对特定的物享有直接支配和排他的权利，包括所有权、用益物权和担保物权。

The term “real right” as mentioned in the present Law means the exclusive right of direct control over a specific res enjoyed by the holder in accordance with law, including ownership, usufractuary right and real rights for security.

第三条国家在社会主义初级阶段，坚持公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度。

Article 3 In the primary phase of socialism, the state adheres to the basic economic system with the public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side.

国家巩固和发展公有制经济，鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济的发展。

The public economy shall be consolidated and developed by the state, and the development of the nonpublic economy shall be encouraged, supported and guided.

国家实行社会主义市场经济，保障一切市场主体的平等法律地位和发展权利。

The socialist market economy system shall be practiced by the state as well as the equal legal status and development rights of all market subjects shall be protected.

第四条国家、集体、私人的物权和其他权利人的物权受法律保护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。

Article 4 The real right of the state, collective, individual or any other right holder shall be protected by law, and may not be damaged by any entity or individual.

第五条物权的种类和内容，由法律规定。

Article 5 The varieties and contents of real rights shall be prescribed by law.

第六条不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，应当依照法律规定登记。动产物权的设立和转让，应当依照法律规定交付。

Article 6 The creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty shall be subject to registration in accordance with law. The creation or alienation of the real right of a chattel shall be delivered in accordance with law.

第七条物权的取得和行使，应当遵守法律，尊重社会公德，不得损害公共利益和他人合法权益。

Article 7 One shall, when acquiring or exercising a real right, comply with the law, respect social morals and may not infringe upon the public interests or the lawful rights and interests of any other person.

第八条其他相关法律对物权另有特别规定的，依照其规定。

Article 8 In case there exists any other special provision in respect of real right in any other law, such special provision shall prevail.

第二章物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭

Chapter II Creation, Alteration, Alienation and Termination of Real Right

第一节不动产登记

Section 1 Reality Registration

第九条不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，经依法登记，发生效力；未经登记，不发生效力，但法律另有规定的除外。

Article 9 Until it is registered in accordance with law, the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty shall come into effect; unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, it shall have no effect if it is not registered in accordance with law.

依法属于国家所有的自然资源，所有权可以不登记。

As regards the ownership of the natural resources owned by the state in accordance with law, the registration is not required.

第十条不动产登记，由不动产所在地的登记机构办理。

Article 10 The registration of a realty shall be handled by the registration organ at the locality of the realty.

国家对不动产实行统一登记制度。统一登记的范围、登记机构和登记办法，由法律、行政法规规定。

A uniform registration system over realties shall be practiced by the state. The scope, organ and measures of uniform registration shall be specified by the related laws and administrative regulations.

第十一条当事人申请登记，应当根据不同登记事项提供权属证明和不动产界址、面积等必要材料。

Article 11 In light of the different registration items, an applicant shall, when applying for the registration of a realty, provide the ownership certificate of the realty and such necessary materials as the [] and area of the realty.

第十二条登记机构应当履行下列职责：

Article 12 A registration organ shall perform the duties as follows:

（一）查验申请人提供的权属证明和其他必要材料；

(1) to examine the ownership certificate and other necessary materials as provided by the applicant;

（二）就有关登记事项询问申请人；

(2) to inquire the applicant about the registration items concerned;

（三）如实、及时登记有关事项；

(3) to register the related items in accordance with the facts and in a timely manner; and

（四）法律、行政法规规定的其他职责。

(4) other duties as provided for in any law or administrative regulation.

申请登记的不动产的有关情况需要进一步证明的，登记机构可以要求申请人补充材料，必要时可以实地查看。

In case the related situation of the realty under application for registration needs further proving, the registration organ may request the applicant to provide supplementary materials and conduct on-the-spot inspection where necessary.

第十三条登记机构不得有下列行为：

Article 13 No registration organ may commit any of the behaviors as follows:

（一）要求对不动产进行评估；

(1) to ask for an evaluation of a realty;

（二）以年检等名义进行重复登记；

(2) to repeatedly register registration in the name of annual inspection; or

（三）超出登记职责范围的其他行为。

(3) other behaviors conducted beyond its scope of registration duties.

第十四条不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，依照法律规定应当登记的，自记载于不动产登记簿时发生效力。

Article 14 As regards the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty, it shall go into effect since the date when it is recorded in the realty register in case the registration thereof is required by law.

第十五条当事人之间订立有关设立、变更、转让和消灭不动产物权的合同，除法律另有规定或者合同另有约定外，自合同成立时生效；未办理物权登记的，不影响合同效力。

Article 15 As regards a contract entered into by the related parties concerned on the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty, it shall go into effect upon the conclusion of the contract, unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law; and the validity of the contract is not affected, whether the real right has been registered or not.

第十六条不动产登记簿是物权归属和内容的根据。不动产登记簿由登记机构管理。

Article 16 The realty register shall be the basis for deciding the ownership and contents of a realty and shall be under the management of the registration organ.

第十七条不动产权属证书是权利人享有该不动产物权的证明。不动产权属证书记载的事项，应当与不动产登记簿一致；记载不一致的，除有证据证明不动产登记簿确有错误外，以不动产登记簿为准。

Article 17 The realty ownership certificate shall be the evidence for the holder’s ownership of a realty. The items recorded in the realty ownership certificate shall accord with those recorded in the realty register; unless it is proved that there is anything wrong in the realty register, the one recorded therein shall prevail in the case of any inconsistence.

第十八条权利人、利害关系人可以申请查询、复制登记资料，登记机构应当提供。

Article 18 Any right holder or interested party may file an application for consulting or copying the registration materials, and the registration organ may not reject.

第十九条权利人、利害关系人认为不动产登记簿记载的事项错误的，可以申请更正登记。不动产登记簿记载的权利人书面同意更正或者有证据证明登记确有错误的，登记机构应当予以更正。

Article 19 In case any right holder or interested party holds that there is anything wrong in any item recorded in the realty register, it/he may apply for a correction of the registration. The registration organ shall revise the registration accordingly, in case the holder recorded in the realty register agrees to revise the registration in written form or there is evidence to prove that the registration is wrong.

不动产登记簿记载的权利人不同意更正的，利害关系人可以申请异议登记。登记机构予以异议登记的，申请人在异议登记之日起十五日内不起诉，异议登记失效。异议登记不当，造成权利人损害的，权利人可以向申请人请求损害赔偿。

The interested party may apply for dissidence registration, in case the holder recorded in the realty register does not agree to the alteration. Where the registration organ grants the dissidence registration but the applicant fails to lodge an action within 15 days as of the date of dissidence registration, the dissidence registration shall lose its effect. In case the dissidence registration is improper and bring into damages to the right holder, the holder may require the applicant to compensate for damages.

第二十条当事人签订买卖房屋或者其他不动产物权的协议，为保障将来实现物权，按照约定可以向登记机构申请预告登记。预告登记后，未经预告登记的权利人同意，处分该不动产的，不发生物权效力。

Article 20 In case the related parties entered into a purchase agreement on a premise or the real right of any other realty, they may apply for advance notice registration to the registration organ so as to ensure the realization of the real right in the future. Without the consent of the holder in the advance notice registration, any disposal of the realty, after the advance notice registration, may not produce effect of real right.

预告登记后，债权消灭或者自能够进行不动产登记之日起三个月内未申请登记的，预告登记失效。

In case the obligee’s right is terminated after the advance notice registration is made, or the application for the registration of the realty is not filed within 3 months as of the date when it can be registered, the advance notice registration shall lose its effect.

第二十一条当事人提供虚假材料申请登记，给他人造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。

Article 21 In case any related party provides false materials for applying for registration and causes damages to any other person, it/he shall assume the liability for compensation.

因登记错误，给他人造成损害的，登记机构应当承担赔偿责任。登记机构赔偿后，可以向造成登记错误的人追偿。

In case any registration organ causes damages to any other person by virtue of any mistake in registration, it shall assume the liability for compensation. The registration organ may, after making the compensation, recover the amount from the person who causes the registration mistake.

第二十二条不动产登记费按件收取，不得按照不动产的面积、体积或者价款的比例收取。具体收费标准由国务院有关部门会同价格主管部门规定。

Article 22 Realty registration fees shall be charged on each piece, and may not be charged on the basis of the size, volume or certain proportion of the realty’s value. The concrete charging rates shall be formulated by the related departments in the State Council in collaboration with the competent pricing department.

第二节动产交付

Section 2 Chattel Delivery

第二十三条动产物权的设立和转让，自交付时发生效力，但法律另有规定的除外。

Article 23 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the creation or alienation of the real right of a chattel shall come into effect upon delivery.

第二十四条船舶、航空器和机动车等物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。

Article 24 The creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of any vessel, aircraft or motor vehicle and so on may not challenge any bona fide third party if it is not registered.

第二十五条动产物权设立和转让前，权利人已经依法占有该动产的，物权自法律行为生效时发生效力。

Article 25 In case the right holder has legally possessed the chattel prior to the establishment or alienation of a chattel’s real right, the real right shall come into effect upon the effectiveness of the legal act.

第二十六条动产物权设立和转让前，第三人依法占有该动产的，负有交付义务的人可以通过转让请求第三人返还原物的权利代替交付。

Article 26 In case a third party has legally possessed the chattel prior to the establishment or alienation of a chattel’s real right, the person assuming the obligation of delivery may, instead of delivery, alien the right to request the third party to return the original object.

第二十七条动产物权转让时，双方又约定由出让人继续占有该动产的，物权自该约定生效时发生效力。

Article 27 In case both parties agree to let the alienator continuously possess the chattel when the real right of a chattel is alienated, the real right shall go into effect upon the effectiveness of the agreement.

第三节其他规定

Section 3 Other Rules

第二十八条因人民法院、仲裁委员会的法律文书或者人民政府的征收决定等，导致物权设立、变更、转让或者消灭的，自法律文书或者人民政府的征收决定等生效时发生效力。

Article 28 In case the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of a real right is resulted from a legal document of the people’s court or arbitration committee or a requisition decision of the people’s government, etc, the real right shall come into effect upon the effectiveness of the legal document or the requisition decision of the people’s government.

第二十九条因继承或者受遗赠取得物权的，自继承或者受遗赠开始时发生效力。

Article 29 In case real right is acquired through inheritance or bequest, it shall go into effect as of the beginning time of the inheritance or bequest.

第三十条因合法建造、拆除房屋等事实行为设立或者消灭物权的，自事实行为成就时发生效力。

Article 30 In case a real right is created or terminated as a result of such factual behaviors as the legal construction or premise demolition, it shall come into effect upon the accomplishment of the factual behavior.

第三十一条依照本法第二十八条至第三十条规定享有不动产物权的，处分该物权时，依照法律规定需要办理登记的，未经登记，不发生物权效力。

Article 31 As regards a real right of realty enjoyed according to the provisions of Articles 28 through 30 of the present Law, any disposal thereof may not produce effect of real right until it is registered as required by law.

第三章物权的保护

Chapter III Protection of Real Right

第三十二条物权受到侵害的，权利人可以通过和解、调解、仲裁、诉讼等途径解决。

Article 32 Where a real right is damaged, the right holder may settle the problem by means of conciliation, mediation or arbitration, etc.

第三十三条因物权的归属、内容发生争议的，利害关系人可以请求确认权利。

Article 33 Where any dispute over the ownership or content of real right arises, the interested parties may require the confirmation of the right.

第三十四条无权占有不动产或者动产的，权利人可以请求返还原物。

Article 34 Where a realty or chattel is under an unauthorized possession, the right holder may require the returning of the original object.

第三十五条妨害物权或者可能妨害物权的，权利人可以请求排除妨害或者消除危险。

Article 35 In case a real right is under obstruction or may be obstructed, the right holder may require the removing of the impediment or the termination of the danger.

第三十六条造成不动产或者动产毁损的，权利人可以请求修理、重作、更换或者恢复原状。

Article 36 In case a realty or chattel is damaged, the right holder may require the repairing, remaking, changing or the restoration of the original state.

第三十七条侵害物权，造成权利人损害的，权利人可以请求损害赔偿，也可以请求承担其他民事责任。

Article 37 In case the infringement upon a real right causes losses to the right holder, the right holder may require the compensation for the losses or the assuming of any other civil liability.

第三十八条本章规定的物权保护方式，可以单独适用，也可以根据权利被侵害的情形合并适用。

Article 38 The ways for protecting real right as prescribed in the present Law may apply either independently or jointly in light of the specific situation of an injury of real right.

侵害物权，除承担民事责任外，违反行政管理规定的，依法承担行政责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

In addition to assuming civil liabilities, any entity or individual infringing upon a real right shall assume the administrative liabilities where it/he violates any provision on administrative regulation; in case any crime is established, it/he shall assume the criminal liabilities.

第二编所有权

Part II Ownership

第四章一般规定

Chapter IV General Rules

第三十九条所有权人对自己的不动产或者动产，依法享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。

Article 39 The owner of a realty or chattel is entitled to possess, utilize, seek profits from and dispose of the realty or chattel in accordance with law.

第四十条所有权人有权在自己的不动产或者动产上设立用益物权和担保物权。用益物权人、担保物权人行使权利，不得损害所有权人的权益。

Article 40 The owner of a realty or chattel is entitled to establish a usufructuary right or real right for security over the realty or chattel. The holder of usufructuary right or the holder of real right for security may, when exercising the right, not injure the owner ‘s rights and interests.

第四十一条法律规定专属于国家所有的不动产和动产，任何单位和个人不能取得所有权。

Article 41 As regards a realty or chattel that is exclusively owned by the state as prescribed by law, its ownership may not be acquired by any entity or individual.

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